Chernobyl Informative Speech

Attention Getter: There are currently 442 active nuclear power reactors worldwide according to the Nuclear Energy Institute. Of all of the reactors worldwide, 14 have been classified as accidents where the public has been exposed to radiation. The most devastating of these incidents was the core meltdown of reactor 4 at Chernobyl, better known as the Chernobyl disaster. Introduction: Today I am going to tell you 3 things about Chernobyl.First, I am going to tell you what Chernobyl was.Second, I will tell you Why it happened and Finally, I will tell you what the effects were and why it’s relevant today.Body 1 â€Å"What was Chernobyl†? :April 26, 1986 in the early morning hours, an explosion rocked a thriving city near the heart of Ukraine.Within days 150 nearby towns had been evacuated.This explosion would become the beginning to the worst nuclear disaster in history.Chernobyl’s power reactors were graphic reactors, not commonly used anywhere outside of the Sovie t Union.In certain circumstances, the graphite reactors could speed up the nuclear reaction. This was a flawed Russian Design that ultimately led to the disaster.Chernobyl was classified as a category 7 nuclear event, the most severe classification according to the Nuclear Event Scale.Comparatively Three Mile Island was only classified as a category 5.Body 2 â€Å"Why did it happen? †:Next I am going to tell you why it happened.The disaster occurred due to an experiment which was being run by the reactor engineers.The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether electricity could be drawn from a turbine and redirected to the water pumps. High electrical demand during the day time meant they could not run the experiment until 11pm.The engineers grew impatient, reducing the rate of nuclear reaction too rapidly.Reducing the rate this quickly caused a rapid buildup of radiation poisons.To counteract this build up, the control rods were withdrawn. This meant they were no lon ger able to control the rate of reaction.These 2 critical errors (withdrawing the rods and slowing the reaction too rapidly) made the engineers incapable of increasing the power within the reactor. This was a safety precaution that the engineers overrode.Normally, in a situation where the reactor becomes unstable two fail safe measures were in place.   First, the power of the reactor could be increased to re-stabilize the nuclear reaction And Second, the engineers could wait 24 hours to allow the reaction chemicals to dissipateThe Engineers however, had already disabled the first failsafe be removing the control rods.The engineers also continued to turn off addition safety precautions including the emergency reactor cooling system. This system was designed to help stop the reaction if too much heat was generated.The emergency energy supply was also shut down, meaning there was no additional energy to run the plant.The experiment continued and the turbine generators were also shutdown.The electrical supply to the reactors water pumps was reduced as a result of the experiment, reducing the amount of cooling water passing through the reactor.Because of this, water within the reactor core began to boil.This was troublesome, since the cool water was used to reduce the heat of the reaction. As the rate of nuclear reaction continued to ac celerate, addition graphite tipped control rods were released by the engineers.Under normal circumstances, the control rods were designed to slow the rate of reaction.However, with the reaction already accelerating out of control, the insertion of the graphite rods further increased the reaction.After disabling or exhausting all potential failsafe methods, the engineers had run out of possibilities and had lost complete control of the nuclear reactor.Enough pressure had built up within the reactor to cause an explosion, leading to the collapse of reactor 4. Following the explosion, the engineers and reactor workers attempted to hide the incident from authorities.This meant that evacuation effort could not fully begin for 36 hours after the explosion.Because the incident was not immediately reported and the public was never made fully aware, farm produce, dairy and the air was contaminated with extremely high levels of radiation and extremely high levels of radiation and subsequently consumed by the residents in regions surrounding Chernobyl.Within hours of the explosion, residents of the nearby city of Prypiat began to fall ill.Body 3: How is it relevant to us? Finally, I’m going to tell you what the effects were and why Chernobyl is still relevant today.Hundreds of thousands of people were affected by the accident150 villages and towns were abandoned displacing thousands of people from their homes.As a result of the widespread release of radiation scientists estimate t hats 100,000 miles square miles surrounding Chernobyl had been significantly contaminated.Significant levels of radiation from Chernobyl were recorded at the Forsmark Nuclear power plant about 600 miles away from Chernobyl.Over 600,000 workers were involved in the cleanup of Chernobyl. Many of these workers received significant levels of radiation.The international atomic energy agency noted more than 1800 documented cases of thyroid cancer in children 14 and under immediately following the disaster, much higher than normal.Most of these were identified early and successfully treated.The disaster brought to light the severe effects of radiation poisoning on the body according to the international Nuclear safety group: â€Å"Krypton 85 affects the entire body and can increase the likelihood of developing cancer such as leukemia within two years of exposure. Cesium 137 can attack the entire body, centering on the liver, spleen and the muscles. Barium 140, gathers in the bones and can cause tumors as late as thirty years after exposure. Iodine 131 gathers in the thyroid. It can trigger cancer in the thyroid decades following exposure†.The event brought awareness to the dangers of radiation not only from nuclear reactors but also from everyday occurrences such as getting an X-Ray at the hospital.Conclusion:Nuclear reactors are used more today than ever. The nearest one is in Chicago, IL. The disaster of Chernobyl made people more aware of the dangers.More safety measures were put into place because of Chernobyl. These safety measures meant that containment and disaster relief was much faster and more effective during the 2010 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. In conclusion I have told you what Chernobyl is, why it happened, what the effects and why it is still relevant to us today.ReferencesChernobyl | Nuclear Reaction | FRONTLINE | PBS. (n. d. ). PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved  October  23, 2012, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/reaction/readings/chernobyl. tmlChernobyl: Cause and Effect. (n. d. ). RichEast. Retrieved  October  23, 2012, from http://www. richeast. org/htwm/chernobyl/chernobyl. html International Nuclear Events Scale (INES). (2012, September 25).Nuclear Safety and Security. Retrieved  October  22, 2012, from http://www-ns. iaea. org/tech-areas/emergency/ines. asp Nuclear Energy Institute – U. S. Nuclear Power Plants. (n. d. ).Nuclear Energy Institute – Clean-Air Energy. Retrieved  October  23, 2012, from http://www. nei. org/resourcesandstats/nuclear_statistics/usnuclearpowerplants/

Education and Method Essay

Submitted By Wamia Akhtar (111011142) Fowzia Morshed (102011133) Rubia Khatun Rubi (113011002) Zannatul Ferdous Bristy (103011202) Nusrat Jahan Jebin (103011156) Research subject: Teaching Method Concept: Learning Process Constructs: * Traditional Classroom teaching * Active Learning Methods * Teaching with Instruments * Teaching Through Tour * Teaching By Creating Pressure Questions: * Traditional Classroom Teaching 1. What system has been followed for traditional teaching? 2. What elements are used in this teaching method? 3. How the traditional teaching has been given? 4. Is it a time sufficient method 5. Can students maintain direct interaction with teacher? 6. Can it make good bonding among the students? 7. How it can be a motivated method for students? 8. Can it create general competitive nature in students? 9. Do you think it pressurize the students to do hard work? 10. Do you think it bring good results for students? 11. Is it interesting or not? 12. Do you think resuming text books are enough? 13. Is it a memorizing based method? 14. Do you find this helpful? 15. Do you feel it is an old system of teaching? 16. Can you relate teaching concepts with real facts? 17. Do you find it challenging? 18. Is it a lengthy process? 19. What kind of preparation you need to take for assuming this method? 20. Do you feel active with this process? * Active Learning Method 1. Do you find group working helpful? 2. Is it a more practical based process of teaching? 3. Can students be involved physically in this process? 4. Is it easy to learn in this way? 5. Are students getting dependent on the course teacher? 6. Do you find this method interesting? 7. Is it an internationally recognized system? 8. Is it helpful for enriching conceptual thoughts? 9. Do you think it creates a distance between you and the books? 10. Is it a stressful method? 11. Do you find it more helpful for making good results? 12. Is it a modern process? 13. Is it saves your time? 14. Can you enjoying the learning through this method? 15. Do you find it easy? 16. Can you reach personally to all technical tools? 17. Do you feel necessity of practicing at home? 18. How you handle this technique of teaching? 19. Is it important for students to be presented all time? 20. Do you find it as short cut? * Teaching With Instruments 1. Are all materials easily findable? 2. Are the materials easy to use for all? 3. How much helpful is the method? 4. Is it a time saving process? 5. Is it a practical based method? 6. Is it a time saving process? 7. In this method of teaching how many times you need to come to the classroom? 8. What kind of role a teacher plays in this method? 9. How often you need to use your text books? 10. Are students enjoying lerning like this? * Learning Under Pressure 1. Do you find teaching with forceful tendency is good? 2. Is it makes you do better result? 3. What kind of difficulties usually you faces? 4. Is it an old form of teaching? 5. How many students can make better result in this method? 6. Do you think teachers work more harder than a student in this method? 7. How much pressure you can handle at a time? 8. Hwo much pressure of study you feel at home? * Learning Through Tour 1. How learning through tour has been worked? 2. How students are participating here? 3. What is the teacher’s role here? 4. Do you find any practical experience by this? 5. Because it is not a classroom based method, how you manage to study by touring? 6. Do you appreciate this system? 7. How students manage their time for this? 8. Is it an internationally recognized system? 9. How many tours you have to join? 10. Is it helpful for making better result?

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow & Luffa Cylindrica

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow Luffa Cylindrica â€Å"Evaluation of in-vitro anti-cataract activity of Abies pindrow P

Alzhiemers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alzhiemers - Term Paper Example Alzheimers disease is a neurological disorder leading to dementia, and most commonly described as loss of mental abilities such as memory and reasoning. With its progressive nature, it manifests as slight memory and language problems in the beginning and further leading to confusion, personality and behavioral changes. Thus, this disease manifests in the form of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This disease affects the brain cells, nerves, and the neurotransmitters in the brain. This disease commonly affects people aged above 65 years; the chance of getting affected is about one in 20, and after the age of 80, chances further increase to one in five. In Europe, studies of 2000 have shown that about 15% of population aged over 65 years and 3% aged over 80 years were affected by this disease (Barnes, J, Archer, H, and Fox, N.C; 2007). Till date, no ultimate cure has been found for this disease. This disease requires a symptomatic treatment through periodic clinical, pathological tests, and disease modifying therapies coupled with a thorough monitoring of disease progression, all of which can provide maximum benefit. Treatment plans for Alzheimers disease include cognitive and behavioral symptoms management separately. The first description of Alzheimer’s disease dates back to 1906, named after Alzheimer, and was first granted by his mentor, Kraepelin in 1910 (Bellanger, J F; 2006). In his eighth edition of Handbook of psychiatry, Kraepelin explained the autopsy study corresponding with Alzheimer’s description and similar to the changes that represented the most serious form of senile dementia. Despite the connection of Alzheimer’s disease discovery to Alios Alzheimer’s, there has been lot of debate over the issue as these symptoms were already noticed by other scientists and reported. Nevertheless, there is not much evidence that

Differences and similarities between any public and private Essay

Differences and similarities between any public and private organizations you are familiar with - Essay Example Private schools on the other hand are profit oriented and get their funding from their customers who are the parents in this case. The products and services in the private organization are furnished based on individual needs in exchange for direct payment or transaction (Tompkins, 2005). Secondly, public organizations are predominantly controlled by political forces while private sectors are controlled by market forces. Allocation of resources in public schools is through democratic means, and in private institutions it is through the price system. This enables the private schools to define their market and set achievable goals while the public institutions pursue goals set for them by legislatures (Tompkins, 2005). One similarity is that the managers in both schools have similar functions, to run the institutions internally. They both have an interest in running programs and activities that have been properly designed for them. This is done in order to use the organization’s resources efficiently and achieve the stated goals. They are concerned with meeting the staff needs, motivating employees, obtaining financing so as achieve the set goals (Shafritz, et al, 2005). Equity and efficiency is a fundamental aspect in both private and public schools. Public organizations are mostly government sponsored with significant emphasis on equity between the constituencies. In private the institutions, there is greater emphasis on efficiency and competitive performance (Shafritz, et al,

How has the use of ICT enhanced the quality of learning and teaching Essay

How has the use of ICT enhanced the quality of learning and teaching across the curriculum at Key Stage 3 - Essay Example of impact of the use of ICT on teaching and learning at Key Stage 3 already existed within a wide literature on educational uses and outcomes of ICT in classrooms and out of school settings. This study is designed to investigate the issues in more detail and involves wide collection of data from the researches conducted in this context. Since Key Stage 3 is the foundation stage so special emphasis has been laid on it in this document. The main aim of this study is to : This study draws on the evidences available on the progress made in schools and the learning and skill sectors. It is based on the research done by various government agencies like Becta, Ofsted, DfeS etc. So the data has been collected through: This study would help in understanding the current challenges in realising the objective of ICT based education. It should lead to improvement in the provision and planning in the use of ICT, which has become an all school issue. It would bring forth the progress issues and challenges. This document would provide information that would help in formulating educational policies on the deployment of ICT, for key stage 3. The study reveals that initiatives taken by government has borne fruitful results. There is significant developments at pupil, teacher and school levels. But in certain cases it was observed that unavailability of sufficient resources became main obstruction in the path of progress like in the case of music departments. The pupil motivation has increased. Pupils have become increasingly independent users of ICT tools and information sources. They have become more focused, efficient and rigorous in their use of ICT, and carry out a range of increasingly complex tasks. Teachers feel more

Compensation System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compensation System - Essay Example take place in different plans like weekly or monthly payment of wages, economic loss compensation, payment of medical expenses and compensation to the dependants of a killed employee in the work place. Compensation of loss which occurs as a result of employee negligence does not take place in many jurisdictions. There many workers compensation systems which ensure that all employees have received their rights of compensation as stipulated in the Statutory. Longshore and Harbor Workers Compensation Act (LSA) cover all employees in the maritime industry. The Jones Act provides compensation and protection of seamen (Lee, 2009). Another program is called Federal Coal Mine Health Safety Act which covers people working in mine industries. It provides compensation to the miners who develop lungs complications. Veterans Administration is another program which provides compensation to people with complications and disabilities not related to their services (King, 2007). In case of disability insurance, an organization should provide weekly payment of wages. This will enable employees to care for medical and family expenses. The employee will receive money weekly, and this can help in quick recovery through receiving a favorable medical care. The company providing weekly payment can incur loss because of payment of processing fee each week instead of making a single payment. Economic loss compensation can be made for past and future loss (Max, 2012). Many people have provided wrong information about loss claim in order to get compensation in this plan. In case of health insurance, employee receives compensation for medical bills. This compensates workers when they develop a complication while providing services (Duke, 2010). The last plan is compensation of the dependants of employees who die in the work place. There same instances in which a person can not receive a compensation. When individual suffers as a result of negligence he/she does not get compensation from any

Bipolar Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Bipolar Disorder - Research Paper Example Also throwing tantrums, high level of restlessness and hyperactivity is seen but the worst part is that at times people facing Bipolar Disorder tend to do harmful things to themselves or others around them. This can be quite straining and affects their families too. Over 10 million people in America have bipolar disorder, and the illness affects men and women equally (Duckworth). The worst scenario is when the person goes through a mixed state. During a mixed state depressed mood accompanies manic activation(Ken Duckworth, MD, 2006).In this state a person might feel a rush to do different things. From driving rashly, smoking up, this eventually leads to Suicide. From using drugs to cutting themselves, they try to relieve the symptoms of stress, pain, anxiety etc. They also lose understanding of what is happening in their surroundings and stay confused a lot. Insecurity usually kicks in and they put themselves in isolation to protect themselves. Danielle Steel states in her writing re cognized as His Bright Light: The Story of Nick Traina, states a complete narrative regarding the way her son spends his life while he was experiencing bipolar disorder. In the narrative she informs that during the age of adolescence, her son suffered from ADD even recognized as Attention Deficit Disorder. She even states that when an individual suffer from this disorder, individual tends to loose control over his/her impulse and indulge in activities that have negative consequences. Her son was later during his life was diagnosed with the disorder of bipolar and the symptoms exhibited by him were recognized as Manic Depressive symptoms (Ryan). Bipolar disorder is usually found in people from the age group of 15-25 and it usually occurs in families who have a history of bipolar disorder. There are three different types of bipolar disorder. Type 1, (Major Depression), a state in which a person is sad, uneasy and angry. Type 2, in which people experience various periods of high energy which is not as extreme as mania (called hypomania). These periods alternate with episodes of depression. Lastly Type 3 (Cyclothymia) involves less severe mood swings. In this people’s behavior vary between hypomania and mild depression. (A.D.A.M, Medical Encyclopedia). The cause of Bipolar disorder varies from person to person. The major reason is that it might be due to the disorder already being in the genes of the families.But it is not necessary that someone born in a family, who has showed signs of this disease, would end up having it. Normally the case is due to being in an environment where there is a lot of negativity, problems or stress, would interact with the underlying genetic or biological vulnerability to produce the disorder. (Duckworth). But it’s not necessary that these might be the only things which might trigger the disorder. Smith and Segal have figured out that the episodes experienced by individuals suffering from bipolar disorder are triggered due to usage of antidepressants as a medication for depression, these trigger may even lead an individual to suffer from continuous changes in mood, lack of sleep and mania. The triggers can increase the level of symptoms that already exist or result in new sessions of mania. But it is not necessary that episodes experienced due to bipolar disorder are dependant on triggers (Smith&Segal). Though many people are diagnosed with this

Maintenance Awareness in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maintenance Awareness in Design - Essay Example Findings: The findings of this paper indicates that systems always fail due to miss management and poor planning on the part of managers, companies and all individuals involved in any specific project. Moreover, it further indicates that designers can learn from various failures and they can minimize the risk factors by taking several measures. System failure, basically, stands for any situation when a system stops working and fails to achieve desired objectives. It further lacks in smooth functioning of an overall system which is very much required for any successful design and project. Nowadays, it is common trend that people prefer to use new systems and advanced technology rather than old ones. They feel themselves more compatible with latest technology just because of demand and trend. Projects are usually driven just to replace the old trends and architecture. Old systems are extensively replaced with new ones having new technology. However, it is very essential to understand that there are several important aspects and stages involved in any good design. All of these stages should be accessed if you want a successful design. It is not wise option to go just for modern and trendy designs. Essential stages should be kept in mind. These generally include, If we look at technical side of the modern projects, we will observe that nowadays projects are built with a goal of offering multiple functions that was not possible in recent past. Currently, systems become the integration of various sub systems. Some additional constraints are also getting involved day by day with changing needs and demands of various people. Now people are more concerned about reliability and security systems offer within a design. Nowadays, we can also observe that the success rate is continuously decreasing and most of the large projects of engineering are less satisfactory. Many of the projects are getting failed and end up in failures and great risks. However, it is also a

Generational Diversity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Generational Diversity - Assignment Example Knowing such behavioral and social characteristics of a generation make them feel represented in the system. In my opinion, the K-12 system of educators needs to take note of generational diversity. The teaching methods and learning methods should be streamlined to fit the characteristics of the students’ generation. This will enhance better understanding and a positive attitude towards learning. Educators need to fit in into current generations so as to create bonds between them and the students. The effectiveness of online courses is a key issue in the education sector. Online courses are supposed to attain the same results as face-to-face teaching. To achieve this, some areas require high attention. The educator is required to understand what the learning outcomes should be so that they can come up with the best course design. To come up with the best learning outcomes, all learning materials should be made easily accessible to the learner. Efficient accessibility should be strategic to diversity in that materials are provided through the most appropriate means for a specific student. For example, a student aged 50 would prefer a visiting a library and studying books to read while a 21-year-old student would prefer reading a pdf through their phone. Therefore, generational diversity should be taken into consideration. Online courses should implement current technologies to ease the process of learning. For example, technologies such as Skype can be used to hold a discussion between a student and a teacher.

Training Needs Assessment Essay Example for Free

Training Needs Assessment Essay Training and developing the workforce is an important activity for any activity. Before conducting a training program, organizations should conduct training-needs assessment. It will help the organization in identifying what training the employees have, what they’ll need now, and what will they need in the future. In other words, the needs assessment will help in identifying who needs the training, and what kind of training is needed. A needs assessment is conducted on three levels – organizational analysis, task analysis, and individual analysis. The organizational analysis looks at the training needs of the organization as a whole. It looks at how the changes in the macro environment affect the organization and what kind of training will be needed. In task analysis, training assessment about a job is made so as to achieve optimum productivity. In the end, individual analysis breaks down the need for each individual employee as to what kind of training he’ll need. (Barbazette, 2006) Conclusion We have identified numerous areas of HRM relating to labor relations, employee management and global HR that would be helpful to a small manufacturing plant. These are the core HR concepts that must be implemented in every organization. We’ve also identified how to prepare for collective bargaining process, and drafted a plan as to how to reduce accidents and stress on the plant floor. In conclusion, human resource management is very important for any kind of organization – big or small. Even small manufacturing plant must know how to motivate its employees. It should also keep in mind their training needs, how to evaluate them, and their incentive plans. Lastly, it should also be aware of the equal employment opportunity laws that are required by law. Reference Barbazette, J. (2006). Training Needs Assessment: Methods, Tools, and Techniques. Washington D. C. : Pfeiffer.

Analyse Friends Essay Example for Free

Analyse Friends Essay You have been watching various episodes of the popular sitcom FRIENDS. Using this to support your essay, think about the idea of sitcom? What is it? Why is it so popular? Analyse FRIENDS taking into consideration, stereotyping, representation, audience and the sitcom genre. Friends is an American sitcom based in glamorous city, New York. Like most sitcoms from America, this has been a hit all over the world. Friends are about six people in their mid-twenties doing every day things. Theres fusspot Monica (Courtney Cox Arquette), Clueless Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow), Shopaholic Rachel (Jennifer Aniston), Sweet, neurotic Ross (David Schwimmer) and hunky Joey (Matt Le Blanc). And then theres wisecracking Chandler (Matthew Perry). They all live in New York, in expensive and desirable apartments. This conveys to as viewers that their lives are very busy, normal and they are well off with good jobs. Joey and Chandler share an apartment together and across the hallway live Rachel and Monica. Phoebe and Ross live some where else but in the later series Ross moves in to an apartment that is opposite Chandler and Monicas block, the very same apartment where the big fat ugly naked guy used to live! He was a character who always parades around his apartment in the nude. In one episode they tried to poke him taped up chopsticks all the way from they apartment block. I think his purpose, as a character is to show that we all get weird neighbours but we all are the same and all run different lives. This is evidence on how comedy is created, showing things that we would never do or even dream of doing, but we can see the consequences straight from our black box in the lounge. Rachel is the sexy one. She is fashion conscious, always wears nice clothes. Shes really sensitive, cries really easily and always forgetful. She went to high school with Monica. Rachel was about to marry her boyfriend Barry but dumped him at the altar. This perhaps is stereotyping that a young beautiful girls should maybe have more boyfriends before they got married, having a bit of fun. She later met up with Monica and is staying in her apartment, taking over Phoebes room, as she couldnt stand Monicas cleanness any more, which resulted, to her moving. This is a stereotypical images stating that blondes have more fun and must make mess in order to be normal. She is represented by her looking her best at all times and with the best hair dos that all teenage girls would die for. Her parents are really wealthy and she used to live off them. But her friends made her get a job as a waitress in cafi called Central Perk, where they all socialise. As everyone needs to set off by themselves and grow up in the real world. Monica is the clean one. She is obsessed with cleanliness/hygiene and is always cleaning up after her friends. She was very overweight when she was at high school but fought that and is now very slim. This represents that if you want to lose weight, never give up because she did it. This also shows that teenage girls worry about a their appearance a lot as they are teased and bullied at school and results to how far it will take to change their look and image and be normal. Shes also skilful at sports and is a perfectionist; shes got to be the best and always needs to win. This obsession could have been triggered by her success in losing so much weight, which could have made her in believe any dream is worth chasing for, because you will reach it eventually. Monica s wonderful at cooking as she is a chef at a restaurant, but it wasnt easy at first as in her first job, all her colleagues wanted to kill her! Or at least it seemed that way. But she fights her way through, as once, she shouts at them as she couldnt take it any more, and they immediately listen to her. She is represented by always dressing smartly, and is the more mature one of the group. Phoebe is the weird one. She always says strange and bizarre things that have nothing to do with the subject that her friends are talking about. She comes from a strange background, She lived on the streets when she was a kid, her brother (Frank) likes to burn stuff and she has a twin sister called Ursula in which Joey falls in love with at one point. She plays the guitar and comes up with weird and wacky songs like her famous Smelly cat, which she plays in Central Perk. She is represented as stereotypical veggie She loves animals and wouldnt hurt them but in one episode she wore a minx coat but didnt really mind as she said minxes are horrible, this adds to the humour, as she is known to love all living things good or bad and there we see her wearing animal fur. I think she just might be putting on an act to look nice. She is superstitious as she is a bit psychic and she thought a cat was her mum. This is stereotyping blondes by making out that she is a dizzy blonde and is a bit slow at sometimes. Phoebe hasnt got a stable job as its different all the time. They range from a masseuse to collecting money for the poor to selling dead Christmas trees. Joey is the slow-witted one. When someone tells a joke it takes a while for Joey to understand which just adds to the humour. Hes the one who mostly brings back girls to his bachelor pad, which annoys Chandler, as he doesnt get much luck with woman. This is stereotype that Italians are all hunks and womanisers. Can also be described as a Casanova. The Italian Stallion loves sports, especially American Football, Basketball, Baseball and Ice Hockey. He is quite childish as he makes up games like Ultimate Fireball where a ball is on fire and you have to flick it through a hoop. Joey comes from a large Italian family, which consists of his parents and his 7 sisters. Hes a struggling actor, who has started off in a commercial advertising a milk pourer, plays and then in a soap called Day Of Our Lives which he plays a neurosurgeon. But the produces reviled him so they killed him off by making him fall down an elevator shaft. He is represented by having very amusing phrases How you doin which fits into the situation perfectly when he says it. Chandler is the funny one. Hes the one that cracks jokes to people and makes fun of them. He is best friends with Joey and shares an apartment with him. But the friendship was hanging by a thread at one point when chandler slept with one of Joeys girlfriend. But made up later as true friends do as the sitcom shows the ups and downs of friendship. Joey and him love watching Baywatch and have even set his alarm on his microwave to the time it starts so they wont miss it. This is stereotypical as they are saying two single men in their earlier twenties, with their testosterone running high, would to all this trouble just to gulp at a slim female body running on a beach. He is well educated and has a stable job. But they stereotype him by him having another side of him. He is also very sarcastic, which shows he is a insecure person inside and has to make fun of others for him to feel good. He comes from a broken family where his father left him when he was young and his mum smokes a lot and he was mainly neglected during his childhood. This shows that every one comes from different backgrounds and that we should respect that. He is represented by having a lot gestures with the hands and the jokes he cracks to his friends. Ross is the dinosaur guy. He seems to be unlucky with girls. He has three unsuccessful marriages already! His first wife, Susan, turned out to be a lesbian but he had already had a child with her. His second wife, Emily, and him were doing very well and tied the knot, but when saying each other names in the marriage process, he blurted out Rachel instead of Emily. His third wife, a girlfriend for years, Rachel, and him, were in Las Vegas visiting Joey and his new job. Things got a bit out of hand including a huge amount alcohol, which forced them to stumble to a cheap marriage service where got wedded there. This unusual situation just adds to the humour of the show! Throughout the show we see how he copes with this, but it seems he is doing fine thanks to his best friends giving him some advice. Representing that friends are always there for you, you just have to ask. He is sophisticated and well educated, like his sister. He is a palaeontologist, which is the study of past geological periods and fossils. His parents are more fond of him over Monica, although Monica tries so hard to change their views, which reflects real life sibling rivalry where there is always a favourite child. He is represented by constantly changing the tone of his voice to suit the mood he is in, mostly very whiney. Sitcom is informal situation comedy. It is based on realistic situation that happen in our everyday lives. But some how makes it funny and pleasant for the viewers to watch. I think Friends target their audience at 15 35 years olds because this is the time where you need your friends the most. When you start finding a job or wanting a shoulder to cry on, your friends are always there to help. Friends show that if you dont have any friends, you dont get to do what they do on the show. Friends is set in New York, the largest city in the United States. The States are filled with cars, people and their famous yellow taxis, as there are more than 11 million people that live there. Their apartments are on the Island of Manhattan where some of the worlds tallest skyscrapers tower above its streets. Chandler and Monicas apartment block is on top of their favourite hang out, Central Perk. Their apartments are quite modern and new as we can see from the inside. In Monica and Rachels apartment there is nothing you wont find in a normal home. They have a balcony, two bedrooms, one bathroom and a lounge and kitchen that are attached together. Their apartment is quite large where as Chandlers and Joeys are much smaller. They dont have a balcony but everything else is the same. They have a foosball table that doubles as a dining table, so they can play and eat at the same time! They also have two leather chairs, a homemade unit (by Joey) and a duck and a chicken running around. Joey calls it his Bachelor Pad but Monica criticizes him How many girls have you actually brought up here? I find that American sitcoms are much better and more amusing than the British sitcoms. And American ones are much more successful. We can look at Friends and Men Behaving Badly for example. Friends can be seen all over the world, I went to Hong Kong and they were showing it on TV. Men Behaving Badly can only be seen in the UK. This could be because the produces of Men behaving Badly had their target audience on the English viewers and only intended the program to be watched by the Brits and no one else. Where as Friends may have targeted a worldwide audience at the beginning and started from there. But all of the best sitcom that are successful all tend to be American ones. Its just something about their comedy that we cant resist. Also Friends is filmed with a live audience, which shows Friends is more professional in a way as we, the audience, can see what they get up to while filming, seeing all the outtakes. Men Behaving Badly is filmed in an enclosed studio with only the crew inside. Camera angles play a very important part in a sitcom; the mood, the angle and the way it is shot can change the whole scene into a good or bad one. In Series 4 Episode 1 The One With The Jelly Fish the sitcom friends starts off with a taster of what is to follow after the title music, it shows you a bit of the action before it actual starts, just to get the audience going and getting them worked up. It starts off with Joey telling us what happened previously about the story of the whole Ross and Rachel thing. We see Joeys whole body, lying on the ground. Then it shows us clips of it, with Joey narrative guiding us through the scenes. He speaks in a fast pace to show how exciting this is and makes us listen up closely. After the title music, there is an establishing shot of the beach house they were staying at. In Ross and Rachels conversation, when Ross asks Rachel a question, there is immediately a fade in shot of Rachels reaction. It was a mid shot so we could see Rachels facial expressions and the gestures she conducts to occupy her line. Which helps us understand the true meaning. In sitcoms, I found out that they mostly use a mid shot to film the scenes. Because this angle shows everything, the actors and the background, without losing any detail of the other when using another angle. While watching that episode, I noticed that they only use a long shot when someone is entering or leaving the room. Like when Ross entered the room to meet Rachel, the Camera switched to a long shot, to see both their whole body, walking together towards the middle and kiss. This method is to show maybe what they are wearing on that episode to give the wardrobe manger some credit! They also use a lot of establishing shots to set the scene that is to follow. They have establishing shots of the apartment block they live in and the city life. American sitcoms tend to have more sexual diminuendos than British ones. I think this makes it a lot more funnier and in whole a better sitcom. I think Friends is so successful because it deals with universal themes Falling in love, falling out of love, getting a job, losing a job Stuff that everybody can relate to. Fact During the last season, Friends became the most watched sitcom in the world, viewed by more than 30 million people in the US and Britain alone.

Techniques for Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars

Techniques for Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars Abstract Objectives: Many series of side effects will be produced with the extraction of impacted lower third molar which including pain, swelling, inflammation, and trismus. Flap design is important to allow good visibility, reach to the impacted tooth, and for healing of the surgically created defect. This study aims at the evaluation and comparison of standard flap design with comma type of flap design used in the surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar and to objectively evaluate the merits and demerits of individual flap design. Study Design: In this study 200 patient with bilateral mandibular third molars impaction of age group of 18-30yrs were selected for the study, To reflect the mucoperiosteal flap On one side standard incision and on other side comma incision were used and , after which the steps are common in the removal of impacted third molars. Immediately on the post –operative days 1, 3 and 7 the post– operative parameters (pain, swelling and mouth opening were recorded. And periodontal status were recorded pre operatively, 1st month and 2nd month respectively. Results Conclusion: The pain and swelling scores were found to be significantly lower in the surgical area with comma incisions which was recorded on days 1, 3 and 7 as compared to the the area where standard incisions were made. In mouth opening There was a sufficiently great difference seen between the two incisions on 1 post-operative day, but though there was clinical difference between the two incisions on day 3 and 7 there was no statistical significance. The results of the study shows no lingual nerve paresthesia or any other morbidity, hence the new incision design should probably be made the conventional method, considering the less degree of post operative complications encountered. although it may require some practice initially. Key words: Standard Incision, Comma Incision, Mandibular Impaction, disimpaction,Visual Analog Scale Clinical Implications:-third molar impactions are common and usually associated with postoperative complications like pain, swelling, trismus and pocket formation. Incision and flap design is important in healing wound and minimizing post-operative complications. Comma incision design has shown less post-operative complication in compare to standard incision Introduction: Impaction is defined as cessation of the eruption of a tooth caused by a clinically or radio graphically detectable physical barrier in the eruption path or by ectopic position of the tooth. at least one impacted third molar will be present in 33% of the population which requires surgical removal of impacted third molar hence disimpaction is the one of the most frequently performed procedure.1 Lower third molars constitute a major bulk of teeth that are impacted in the oral cavity2. Many series of side effects will produced with the extraction of impacted lower third molar which including pain, swelling, inflammation, and trismus 3. Flap design is important to allow good visibility, reach to the impacted tooth, and for healing of the surgically created defect. Many different incisions have been used to raise the flap, like Wards Incision, modified ward’s incision, envelope, ‘S’ shaped incision [Bould Henry] etc4. Ward’s and modified ward’s incision are more commonly used and it was observed that Wards and modified Wards incision provide excellent visual and mechanical access and can be closed by means of a suture inserted between the buccal and lingual soft tissues alone5 , However when a releasing incision is made a small buccal artery is sometimes encountered and this may be mildly bothersome during the early portion of surgery, and also the suture is usually placed on a bone defect and not on healthy bone this may cause additionally pain, delayed healing are also seen.6 Nageshwar has tried a new type of incision- comma shaped incision and has compared it with the modified wards technique (Figure 1). However the number of cases in his study were very less [n=15], hence this study was undertaken to compare this new comma shaped incision with wards incision using more objective and subjective parameters with a larger sample size. Material and Methods: 200 patients between the age group of 18-30yrs, having completely impacted bilateral mandibular third molars or partially erupted third molar, with good oral hygiene, without any symptoms of pain or swelling were included for the study. Patient on any medication, pregnancy, severe Pericoronitis, soft tissue impaction, medically compromised, Missing mandibular second molars was the exclusion criteria for the study and were excluded from the study. The instruments used to compare two flap designs were Williams probe to measure pocket depth. Visual analog scale of 0 to 10 was used to estimate pain by subjectively asking the patient to rate the nocioceptive experience7. Swelling was assessed by measuring by the distance between the: Tragus notch and a reproducible soft tissue pogonion a long the skin surface. Tragus notch to angle of mouth Tragus notch to ala base Tragus notch to outer surface on lateral wall of eye Angle of mandible to outer surface of lateral wall of eye The percentage difference between the postoperative and preoperative measurements was calculated. Mouth opening was evaluated by measuring the maximum inter incisal distance. After obtaining ethical clearance from the hospital ethical committee, written consent was obtained from all the patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Preoperative radiographs were taken to assess the position, depth and angulation of the third molars and to exclude any local pathosis such as a cyst, tumor etc. pain, swelling, mouth opening and pocket depth were recorded Preoperatively . One side of impacted mandibular molar is surgically removed under local anesthesia Using standard flap (figure 2). pain, swelling and mouth opening were measured Postoperative on day 1, 3 and 7 respectively. The extraction on the opposite side was done with the alternate flap design-Comma incision (figure 3). The follow up and postoperative complications of patients on day 1, 3 and 7 were recorded for the parameters studied. After flap reflection standard procedural steps were followed. Flap was sutured with 30 Braided silk sutures. Post operative instructions were given and patients with a standard antibiotic regimen of Cap. Amoxicillin 500mg TDS* 5days Tab. Ibuprofen 400mg TDS* 5 days Tab. Metronidazole 400mg TDS* 5 days Bilateral The pocket depth is recorded after month. Data management and Analysis The post-operative complications for each subject for both incisions were recorded and all data was entered in Microsoft Excel. Data was analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10. Data are expressed in its frequency and percentage as well as mean and standard deviation. To elucidate the associations and comparisons between different parameters, Chi square (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2) test was used as nonparametric test. Student’s t test was used to compare mean values between two groups. For all statistical evaluations, a two-tailed probability of value, Results: Out of 200 extractions done using ward’s incision 107 were non erupted and 93 were partially erupted, Out of 200 extractions done using comma incision 111 were non erupted and 89 were partially erupted, {table 1} In extractions done with standard incision 26.67%of subjects had severe pain on day 1 where as only 13.33% of subjects had severe pain on the exaction side done by comma incision. There is a high statistically significant difference between the two type of incision on day 1 in comparing the pain. (Chi -Square=15.627, P=0.0062) similarly the pain was severe for 6.67% of the patients extracted with ward’s incision and there was no pain on other side where comma incision was used on the 7th post operative day (Chi -Square=28.799, P=0.000) {Table 2} In extractions done with standard incision 46.47%of subjects had severe swelling on day 1 whereas only 33.33% of subjects had severe swelling on the exaction side done by comma incision. But the difference seen was statistically significant difference between the two type of incision on day 1 in comparing the swelling, (Chi -Square=2.4762, P=0.2889). the swelling was sever for 20% of the patient extracted with ward’s incision and there were no patient with sever swelling on comma incision side, (Chi -Square=8.6872, P=0.0365). on 7th day there were no patient with severe swelling in both the groups but 40%of the patients experienced moderate pain in ward’s incision group where as only 13.33% had moderate swelling in comma croup. There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups on day 7 (Chi -Square=18.879, P=0.0158).{Table 3} The mouth opening on day 1 in ward’s incision side is between 29-25mm where 33.33% where as only 13.33% of the patients in comma group. There was highly statistical significant difference between the inter incisal measurements to check for mouth opening on day 1 (Chi -Square=24.658, P=0.000). but though there was clinical difference between the two incisions on day 3 and 7 there was no statistical significance.{Table 4 } There is significant statistical difference between wards and comma incision in relation to pocket depth recorded after first month and the second month in first month is (t=2.684, P=0.025), and in second month is (t=4.937, P=0.000). and even when ward’s and comma incision are compared separately over time there was statistical significance between the pocket depth in first and the second month was seen, I’e (wards incision t=5.176, P=0.000) and (comma incision t=6.812, P=0.000) in second month. {Table 5} Discussion: Third molar surgery has been associated with a variety of complications, flap design is one important factor influencing the severity of these complications . The incisions used in surgical treatments of impacted 3rd molars can be grouped in to envelop and triangular varients.all incisions irrespective of there variations, were extended from the distal aspect of second molar towards ramus. These standerd incisions have been modified by many surgeons.the incision modified by Groves and Moore started distal to the distobuccal line angle of the second molar to conserve the periodonsium8. Berwick designed a lingually based flap using an incision line that was tongue shaped and did not lie over the bony defect.9. Comma shaped incision was designed by Nageshwar to limit the post operative pain and swelling. Post operative pain of moderate to severe intensity is usually noticed after third molar surgery, the pain usually begins as the effect of local anesthesia fades off. The peak intensity of pain is noticed after about 6 hours. The pain then disappears slowly within a few days if it heals normally.10 In our study, pain was assessed by using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as it takes little time to describe to the patient and it is easily understood by the patient. The results showed less pain scores on comma incision side as compared to ward’s incision side which is similar to that of the study of Nageshwar. (This may be because small mucoperiosteal flap was elevated during comma incision, the drainage in comma incision is good and this is single flap hence it will give a tight closure on occlusal surface distal to second molar.) This result is not in correlation with the results of Gool et al as they have seen that severity in pain is not related to the type of incision.11 trauma and infection are the main cause for postoperative swelling. The truma to the tissues associated with oral surgical procedures is the usual cause of early postoperative swelling. It is most marked after 19-24 hrs and then diminishes after about seven days.12 Swelling in cases with comma incision was comparatively lees than cases with standard incision was done. This study results compliments the study by Nageshwar.1 but the method of measuring swelling was not satisfactory in that study because the swelling is three dimensional hence it is measured by marking on 6 different points on the face as described earlier. Salata L.A et al and Szmyd et al reported that restricted mouth opening peaks on the day of surgery. This study is in agreement to this statement too13. The comma incision encountered less number of subjects with limited mouth opening when compared with the standard incision side which is in agreement with the study of Nageshwar’s result The inter relation between trismus and pain have been reported in many studies. It might therefore be expected that mouth opening after the removal of impacted mandibular third molars is painful and consequently reduced to its full extent. The hypothesis has been confirmed by an electromyographic study which proved that restricted mouth opening is a voluntary action to avoid pain.14 There was a statistical difference in the postoperative probing depth between the two types of incision after the first and second months. These results are contradictory with many studies, by Rosa et al, Quee et al and Schofield et al which show no differences in pocket depth related to flap designs15. But A.A. Krausz, E.E.Machtei,M.Peled suggest that increased second molar pocket may be related to osteotomy16. However others believe that the flap design and the patients age might have an effect on second molar periodontal status. When removal of impacted molars was done during developmental stage of the tooth faster regrowth of the alveolar bone crest . However as all our subjects were in the age group of 18 -30 we feel that age was not a major factor and the difference in pocket depth is related to the type of flap. Conclusion: The results of the study shows that none of the patients in the study developed lingual nerve paresthesia or any other morbidity, hence the new incision design should probably be made the conventional method, considering the less degree of post-operative complications encountered. although it may require some practice initially. Further research with newer flap designs like the comma design, which will minimize the post operative complications, should be considered in the extraction of impacted third molar surgery.

Self-censorship Essay example -- Essays Papers

Self-censorship During the time of my life age zero to six, I watched television. I listened to music. I watched movies. From a stroller, my mother would push me around the grocery store as she shopped. I would read various signs posted around the store. â€Å"Frozen.† â€Å"Watermelon.† â€Å"Pasta.† Where did I learn to read? Not from books, teachers, or educational toys. I learned to read from a daily diet of â€Å"Sesame Street† and â€Å"Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood.† Individuals who blame media for the downfall of society are shortsighted. The existence of television’s â€Å"Power Rangers† or video game consoles' â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† does not explicate violence in schools, or on the playground. There are more factors influencing today’s children. As I came home from preschool to â€Å"The Price is Right† to now as I sit in front of my Internet-connected computer and type this paper, screen time has always been a part of my life. Has this given me a distorted view of reality? Has my media use desensitized me, making me prone to committing acts of violence? Do I feel that my sense of self is defined through spending money and purchasing material goods, or that I have distorted views of reality and of the other people in my life? I grew up with media. I was raised in a media-containing environment. Then what sets me apart from the student shooters at Columbine? As our surroundings shape and influence who and what we are, the media in our lives influences and impacts our worldviews. Currently, there is fault on both the "transmitting" and "receiving" ends of today's media. Inappropriate messages are received by the wrong audiences due to inactive parenting and irresponsible media. Corporations who are driven by p... ...he comedy of the sexes." The Velvet Light Trap. Fall 1990. Found in: Pomerance, Murray and Sakeris, John. "Popping culture." Pearson Education, Boston: 2004. 6 Lull, James. â€Å"Media, communication, culture: a global approach.† Columbia University Press, New York: 2000. 7 Postman, Neil. Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business. New York: Penguin Books, 1984. 8 AskMen.com readership statistics retrieved from <http://www.askmen.com/whoarewe.html>. Accessed on 1 May 2005. 9 Ahlers, M. â€Å"Expert: Malvo said he was the spotter, not shooter.† CNN.com 8 Dec. 2003. Accessed from <http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/12/08/sprj.dcsp.malvo.trial/index.html> on 15 Dec. 2003. 10 Holloway, Sarah L., and Gill Valentine. Cyberkids: children in the information age. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.

All Quiet on the Western Front by Maria Erich Remarque Essay -- paul, s

Away from the front lines, soldiers are perceived and act as individuals, however when pulled to the front, they come together creating and inseparable bond of camaraderie. Remarque’s All Quite on the Western Front illustrates the true content of war. The soldiers of the front lines fought with a common purpose, putting aside other desires and dining personal needs which created an in ignorable bond of camaraderie making life on the front lines bearable. This is particularly portrayed in Paul’s relationship to other soldiers. Through Paul’s protection of his comrades, the family-like relationship between the soldiers and the development of a close bond during free time, Remarque shows that the most important aspect of war is camaraderie. Soldiers in WWI had only each other to depend on for any chance of survival. Paul explores and puts into these actions time and again by protecting and trusting those around him. One day while pondering, Paul says to himself â€Å"we had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted that theirs. They surpass us only in phrases and in cleverness†. He is referring to the older generations who are not fighting on the front who describe the war as glorious. Paul understands that the camaraderie is based on common experience, something only the front line soldiers experience and thus understand with Paul. Because they share these common experiences, Paul also shows compassion to especially the younger, new recruits. While in the trenches a young recruit â€Å"lay in utter terror. He had buried his face in his hands. He looked up, pushing the helmet off and like a child crept under [Paul’s] arm, his head close to his breast. The little shoulders heaved. Shoulders like Kemmerich’s† Paul’s compassion f... ...nother than even lovers†¦so intimate we do not even speak† this forever known camaraderie is set in stone for when one part is lost it leaves the group weak. This is shown after Kat dies and Paul is left alone. He realizes there is no one left for him and he gives up. He knew nothing but death and dieing without the camaraderie offered to him. War is a series of deaths for a greater gain for the people who do not fight at the front. However while on the front it becomes a fight for life through battle and friendship. The bonds created allow success and support. The family bond created is the most important effect of war and debatably the only good one. Through this bond Remarque shows this importance as the only light in the never-ending darkness of war. Works Cited Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, 1982. Print. All Quiet on the Western Front by Maria Erich Remarque Essay -- paul, s Away from the front lines, soldiers are perceived and act as individuals, however when pulled to the front, they come together creating and inseparable bond of camaraderie. Remarque’s All Quite on the Western Front illustrates the true content of war. The soldiers of the front lines fought with a common purpose, putting aside other desires and dining personal needs which created an in ignorable bond of camaraderie making life on the front lines bearable. This is particularly portrayed in Paul’s relationship to other soldiers. Through Paul’s protection of his comrades, the family-like relationship between the soldiers and the development of a close bond during free time, Remarque shows that the most important aspect of war is camaraderie. Soldiers in WWI had only each other to depend on for any chance of survival. Paul explores and puts into these actions time and again by protecting and trusting those around him. One day while pondering, Paul says to himself â€Å"we had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted that theirs. They surpass us only in phrases and in cleverness†. He is referring to the older generations who are not fighting on the front who describe the war as glorious. Paul understands that the camaraderie is based on common experience, something only the front line soldiers experience and thus understand with Paul. Because they share these common experiences, Paul also shows compassion to especially the younger, new recruits. While in the trenches a young recruit â€Å"lay in utter terror. He had buried his face in his hands. He looked up, pushing the helmet off and like a child crept under [Paul’s] arm, his head close to his breast. The little shoulders heaved. Shoulders like Kemmerich’s† Paul’s compassion f... ...nother than even lovers†¦so intimate we do not even speak† this forever known camaraderie is set in stone for when one part is lost it leaves the group weak. This is shown after Kat dies and Paul is left alone. He realizes there is no one left for him and he gives up. He knew nothing but death and dieing without the camaraderie offered to him. War is a series of deaths for a greater gain for the people who do not fight at the front. However while on the front it becomes a fight for life through battle and friendship. The bonds created allow success and support. The family bond created is the most important effect of war and debatably the only good one. Through this bond Remarque shows this importance as the only light in the never-ending darkness of war. Works Cited Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, 1982. Print.

Psychotherapy Essay -- Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

My preferred theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The main assumption of CBT is that events and situations in life do not cause emotional problems (e.g., guilt or depression); rather problems are due to irrational beliefs and perceptions about the situations (Corey, 2009). The goals of CBT focus on correcting the client’s automatic and self-defeating thoughts, which should ultimately help them to develop a more adaptive philosophy of life (Corey, 2009). I like that this approach focuses on challenging and changing the client’s cognitive distortions, core beliefs, automatic thoughts, and schemas. Another positive aspect is that this approach focuses on the cognitive triad, which consists of how one views the self, the world, and the future (Corey, 2009). Furthermore, CBT places responsibility on the individual to put insight into action by making changes to their thoughts and behaviors, both in and out of the therapy sessions (Corey, 2009). In order to bring about change, the client needs to understand that the primary source of difficulty lies in how they perceive events based on their belief system (Kellogg & Young, 2008). Overall, CBT is a structured approach that emphasizes EVTs, learning, empowerment, brevity, and focusing on the individual (Kellogg &Young, 2008). CBT is open to using techniques from other approaches that fit the needs of the client, and the empirically validated techniques of CBT, when individualized for the client, work well in other approaches (Corey, 2009). These aspects of CBT make it a useful approach that can be adapted for individuals from different cultural and economic backgrounds (Corey, 2009; Kellogg & Young, 2008). In general, CBT is a structured approach and inclu... ...manual (Craske & Zucker, 2001). It is rare for a client to come into therapy with only one disorder that has the outlined symptoms of the diagnosis that calls for a particular treatment. Therefore, following the manual stringently may not help the client improve, but making slight deviations depending on the client’s characteristics and circumstances may allow the technique to be successfully adapted and useful for the individual. It is also likely that a clinical psychologist will add their own individual preferences to therapy no matter what therapeutic approach or technique they use (Scaturo, 2001). A balance between the use of manualized treatments and clinical judgment to formulate the case conceptualization is needed to be used in order to gather enough information on the client to successfully use any necessary treatment techniques (Craske & Zucker, 2001).

Letter to a friend regarding interesting experience in Management Class Essay

Hope all is well at your end. It has been a long time since I last heard from you. I guess you have a busy and hectic university schedule like mine which does not allow you much time apart from your course work. I don’t blame you at all because I know what a roller coaster ride this business studies really is. I am on my summer vacations now so I finally got some time to correspond with you. I would like to update you with my experience so far with my courses. I would specially like to brief you on my enthralling and interesting experience in my Management class. Business studies have an array of different courses to offer. All these courses have their application in real life, if not fully, then at least to some extent. The most common term which is associated with business people is ‘managers’ which brings us to the most basic and necessary course of Management. Management is the basic requirement of any organization and is the foundation of running a business. Without it business would be nil and there would be total chaos and catastrophe. Management has tons of practical application and offers concepts which have vast dimensions and scope. This course has been the most interesting and enthralling learning experience so far in my studies. Of course I can not give you account of the entire course but I would like to mention one very exciting and challenging activity which was conducted in the management class. This activity was regarding teamwork. You must also have learnt a lot in your engineering studies how there are different teams of engineers that take up huge scale projects. Same goes here in our business studies as well. There are various different kinds of teams such as self managed teams, cross functional teams, special purpose teams and so on. The activity which we did was regarding the most famous kind of team; problem solving team. As you must have got the idea from the name, problem solving teams or also famously known as task forces are teams that are formed especially for a problem to be solved which can not be catered to and solved by the existing organizational structure. This team brings in members varying according to the nature of the problem from different departments of the organization. This shows that problem solving teams are cross functional. (Reference for Business, 2010) The activity was conducted in such a manner that our Management course instructor first explained to us all the different types of teams which involved problem solving team as well. Then to demonstrate how the problem solving team really works in the real world he divided our class into different groups. Each group comprised of 8 members each and each group was handed a business related problem which needed to be solved. We were given a time frame of 50 minutes in which we had to come up with a plan of action to solve the problem and then we were required to present it. This was a really challenging and exciting activity. The problem which was handed to my group was that we were required to suppose a business organization that dealt in supplying of different beverages in 48 out of 50 states of U.S.   There were complaints from three major states which were Arizona, Kansas and Colorado. The major complaints were of similar nature that the supply of the beverages was not on schedule, the stock that reached to retailers was not in good condition and that the beverages supplied were not in accordance with the demand of the people. We were required to discover the reasons that why were these problems occurring in only 3 of the 48 states and what erroneous actions were responsible for these three major complaints. We approached this problem in a very professional way. We first decided upon who will lead the group and fortunately the group members general consensus was for me as a team leader. As a team leader I was the one who had to approve the final plan of action with the input suggestions and research of the different members. We decided upon that our team had members from various departments of Finance, Marketing, Sales, Research and Development and Distribution Management. We formulated our problem solving report in such a manner that first we gave a brief introduction of the problems. Then we assumed different logical reasons which could have been behind these complaints. The reasons and findings that we listed in our report were that our suppliers were categorized into 16 different teams. Each team was given 3 states for which they were responsible of supplying the beverage. One particular team was given the states of Arizona, Kansas and Colorado as they are geographically situated close to each other. As the complaints were regarding these three states hence we found that the supplier team was performing some erroneous actions due to which these complaints arose. On further imaginary research we found out the findings for each of the complaints. First we found that this team was complaint about in past as well by number of retailers regarding their lethargic attitude and poor display of punctuality. So it was found out that the team comprised of members who were irresponsible and did not meet the time restrictions of the schedule which resulted in late supply of the stock of beverages. Second complaint was due to the same reason as first. The reckless attitude of the particular team showed that they mishandled the stocks. Beverages are objects held in fragile coverings and bottles and need to be handled with care which this particular team did not display. The third complain was that of the supply not in accordance with the demand which again was due to the poor performance and reckless and untrained staff of this team. They did not record and process the orders properly which resulted in the wrong supply frequently that bothered numerous retailers. So after we had our findings we were now in position to develop a plan of action based on these findings. The plan of action was formed with collaboration with the different departments of the organization. The action decided upon to be taken was that this particular team was to be fired. Other teams would be also appraised on performance to see whether they were a source of complaints in their states or not and whether they are up to the mark or not. All those members that won’t be up to the mark would either be trained or fired. The empty vacancies would be filled by renewed hiring of the staff which would take special care that highly trained and responsible staff is hired. For the entire plan of action to carry out special assistance would be required from Human Resource Department. This concluded our entire report for the solution of problem. We then presented the whole scenario, our findings and proposed solution in front of the entire class. As Group leader I took the responsibility of presenting. It was really good experience to present in front of the entire class. The teacher appreciated our approach to the problem and gave us a few helpful additional suggestions which would give edge to our report. The class also applauded our presentation and our presentation was ranked the best in all the presentations.   All this was due to combined team effort. This was the experience I wanted to share with you. It was not just a moment of pride for me because of the best presentation, but the activity itself was so exciting and fruitful to provide us with concepts that I could not resist but share with you. I am sure you have experienced such exciting activities at your university as well. I am really looking forward to hear from you your eventful time at university. I hope you are having a good time and enjoying the studies because I think you can not learn until you enjoy you studies. Hope to hear from you very soon. I am looking forward to your reply and account of the activities at university. Hope to see you soon. Take care. Reference: Reference for Business. (2010). Teams and Team work. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from,

Gone with the Wind Essay

Gone with the Wind is a film based on Margaret Mitchell’s book with the same title. Tagged as one of the most memorable love stories in American history, Gone with the Wind is not only a story of love between Scarlett O’ Hara and Rhett Butler but is also a story of a woman’s struggle to keep her family alive through years of war. Set against the American Civil War, the film is mainly influenced by the events of that time. We get a glimpse of the social structures of the 1800’s and of the roles expected of women at that time. B. MEDIA The film, despite its historical background, is more of a dramatic manifestation rather than a documentary of the events during the American Civil War. Done in Technicolor, the film features theatrical music with a touch of country to go well with the Atlanta and Jonesboro settings. The music was mostly passively used in the background, segued to indicate change of scenes. However, there were some scenes when music was an integral part, enhancing the emotions and actions depicted in the film. Being a really old film, Gone with the Wind does not have the special effects that movies nowadays have. It is, however, effective in recreating the Civil War and making the viewers feel what it would have been like to be in that situation. Explosions and gunfire were used to reestablish the film’s setting. Shots were very conventional, using wide shots to establish a scene and close-ups to enhance emotional integrity. Gone with the Wind, featuring mostly Southern characters, includes a plethora of characters speaking with a Southern drawl. The language was mostly contemporary, with a few slang usages here and there. Hats off to the well-known actors such as Clark Gable (Rhett Butler), Vivien Leigh (Scarlett O’Hara), Leslie Howard (Ashley Wilkes), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie Hamilton) for pulling off the characters originally designed by Margaret Mitchell. They were excellent actors and they gave life to characters recreated in this screenplay by Sidney Howard, though the story was flavorful enough that it can be portrayed by anyone with good acting skills. Featuring well-known actors, though, helped promote the film and possibly helped in raking in big money for the producer David O. Selznick. C. CONTENT The film offered abundant source of memorable scenes. In one of the earlier scenes, we see Mammy helping Scarlett get ready for the Wilkes’s barbeque party. Instead of a grumpy, complaining slave, Mammy seem to be in high spirits and just happy helping out the O’ Hara sisters. Though this highlights the sad social structure existent at the time of the movie, Mammy’s strong hold on Scarlett and her â€Å"don’t give me nonsense† approach to Scarlett’s usually hard-to-resist charms show how – despite the racial structure of the times – African-Americans play an integral role in the American household. However, in another scene, African-Americans were depicted in a negative way. When Melanie Hamilton was about to give birth, Prissy lets it slip that she is knowledgeable in midwifery. At a crucial point of the childbirth though, Prissy panics and admits, â€Å"Lawzy, we got to have a doctor. I don’t know nothin’ ‘bout birthin’ babies. † This is eye-catching in the sense that is ‘glorifies’ one of the stereotypes associated to African-Americans. The way Scarlett O’ Hara acts is also often a point of contention in the movie. Though shown as a strong woman who was able to carry her family through bad times, Scarlett was also shown to be clingy and desperate in most scenes. This was most apparent during the Wilkes’s party, when she choreographed the whole afternoon to catch Ashley’s attention. In all the scenes mentioned, the main issue revolved around racial, social, and cultural boundaries. The scenes depicted how far along societal rules were during the setting of the movie. Though often criticized for being too leaning on stereotypical portrayals, Gone with the Wind still is very much a picture of the truth of that existed back then. D. BIAS Victor Fleming, the credited director of Gone with the Wind, was mostly an action film director and had his first hand at romantic drama with the film in discussion. One cannot say, though, that whatever biases the film had been his â€Å"fault†. Gone with the Wind is mostly producer-driven and Fleming may only have marginal influence on the film’s outcome. And since the film was highly-based on the novel, the â€Å"biases† can be attributed to what Margaret Mitchell wrote. (Myrick 126) E. EFFECTIVENESS / HISTORICAL CONTEXT Though very different from films that most of us are used to nowadays, Gone with the Wind was very effective in evoking the emotions it aimed for. The combination of the restructuring of the Civil War and the powerful acting accounts for the film’s effectiveness. The combination of both – plus its basis on a historical fact – also points to why the film was very profitable. Every American knows of the horrors that the Civil War brought us and the film’s effective depiction of this point in history made everyone love the film more. All in all, the film – with its combination of a moving plot, powerful cast, and good filming – was worth a watch. Though mostly dramatic than historical, anyone who wants to relive the Civil War can give this movie a shot. WORKS CITED Myrick, Susan. White Columns in Hollywood: Reports from the GWTW Sets. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1982.

Mcdonalds Global Perspective

McDonald’s Implementation of Current Strategic Plan Synopsis: This is a two page APA citation style essay on Management at McDonald’s. There are eleven sources cited in this essay. The historical thinker whose successes will be correlated to McDonald’s strategic plan is Alexander the Great. The elements involved in organizational strategic planning will be explored. Introduction The strategic plan of McDonald’s has gained worldwide success over the past seventy years of its existence. (McDonald’s, 2012).Mcdonald’s is a worldwide brand which has achieved global recognition of it’s brand and products. McDonald’s began as McDonald’s Bar- B-Q Restaurant in San Bernardino, CA in 1940. Today McDonald’s is a premier global restaurant brand with 330,000 franchises. The McDonald’s franchises attend to over 64,000,000 customers on a daily basis in over 118 countries (McDonald’s, 2012)Alexander the Great was a h istorical thinker who started with a small military force of only 40,000 men and ruled over an empire which extended from the Mediterranean to China.Alexander the Great accomplished this by the application of transactional, transformational and laissez faire leadership (Kilfoil, n. d; Eagley et al. , 2003). Effectively Implementing a Current Strategic Plan in an Organization Both Mcdonald’s and Alexander the Great have gained their successes by application of seven identifiable leadership endeavors which are components of strategic leadership. These components with regards to efficient strategy implementation are: ? Researching a plan of action. ? Formulating a plan of action. Ascertaining strategic orientation including leadership roles. ? Setting equitable organizational limits. ? Efficiently administration of the organizational assets, revenues and liabilities. ? Maintenance of an organizational perspective. ? Promotion of organizational values and ethics (Joomla & Fourie, 2009). These are components of McDonald’s organizational administration (McDonald’s, 2012). Alexander the Great also applied effective organizational management techniques (Kilfoil, n. d. ). In order to properly allocate resources, proper data and research must be acquired.The data for these population studies may be analyzed by application of bar graphs, charts or scatter plots in order to effectively assess data (McCoy & Kinyua, 2012). The elements of organizational culture consists of the physical domains of its framework, semantic regional expressions, ceremonial observances, historical antecedents, belief systems, ethics and mental models. The best manner of shaping corporate culture to fit strategy is to continuously train and educate employees (McShane- Von Glinow, 2002).In exercising strategic leadership, the application of transactional , transformational and laissez faire leadership models are required for the strategic leadership of an organization (Eagly e t al, 2003(. Alexander the Great realized the importance of entertaining his military force with recreational activities *Kilfoil, n. d. ). In order to build a capable organization, the organization must be able to apply leverage to the member’s aptitudes along with the elements of administration, structure and accountability processes and methodologies (Lewis, n. d. . Strategic implementation is the procedure of enabling the organizational management techniques. It is the aggregate of the occupations and perspectives required for the effective implementation of a strategic design (Khaliq, 2011). Best practices are defined by the precise application of aptitudes, implements and strategies which can facilitate the potential of success in a wide range of organizational endeavors. This consists of an empirical process which is supported by organizational consensus. There are five elements to carrying out strategic roles.These elements are processes, individuals, compliance with regulatory statutes, effective administration and the efficient application of technological resources (Span, 2012). A correctly planned extrinsic motivational implementation model is enable organizational managers to provide the most effective tool for encouraging organizational commitment in order to carry out the organizational management objectives (Thompson, 2009). Conclusion The Mcdonald’s organization and the Grecian Empire of Alexander the Great were both able to expand by considering the needs of their members along with the rganizational objectives. The employees and members enable the effective implementation of management policy. In the effective application of strategic leadership with strategy implementation, the empirical outcome has been shown to be successful (Jooste & Fourie, 2009). References Eagly, A. (2003) Transformational, Transactional, and laissez faire leadership styles: a meta analysis comparing men and women. Psychol Bull 2003 Jul; 128(4): 569- 91 http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12848221 Jooste, C. & Fourie, B. 2009) The role of strategic leadership in effective strategy implementation: Perception of South African strategic leaders. South African Business Review, 13(3) http://www. ajol. info/index. php/sabr/article/viewfile/76341/6679 Khaliq, N. (2011) Business Policy and Strategy http://www. scribd. com/doc/52995555/Business-policy-and-straegy-implemtation Kilfoil, E. (n. d) Alexander the Great http://atschool. eduweb. co. uk/sirrobhitch†¦ /ezra. html Lewis, K. (n. d. ) The Project Capable Organization White Paper Lewis and Fowler, LLC http://www. ewisandfowler. com/white_papers/L%26F_Proj_capable_Org. pdf McCoy, D. & Kinyua, K. (2012) Allocating Scarce Resources Strategically- An Evaluation and discussion of the Global Funds Pattern of Disbursements PLoS ONE May 7(5): 1- 4 Mcdonald’s Food Corp. (2012) History http://www. aboutmcdonalds. com McShane, S. & Von Glinow, M. (2002) Organizational Behavior, Part Four Organizational Processes McGraw Hill Companies, 2002 http://www. govrelations. cornell. edu/govrelations/pdf/upload/organizational_behavior behavor_MCShane_Chap15_VIEW. df Span, S. (2012) Where Are We Going and How Do We Get There? Conducting Strategic Planning Tolere Solutions HR. com http://www. hr. com/en? t=/†¦ s Thompson, A. (2009) Strategia aziendale- Formulazione ed ezecuzione McGraw Hill Companies http://www. ateneonline. it/thompson/studenti/approfondimenti/isbn6622-3_ch12. pdf Weeraretne, D. (2010) Project Management Best Practices- for continuous improvement The Sunday Times, Education http://www. sundattimes. lk/100221/Education/edu05. html

Feasibility Study on Irrigation

The locality of Managopaya, Banate is located at the western part of Visayas and lies at 4th district of the Province of Iloilo. It is bounded in between by the Municipality of Anilao when going to Iloilo City and Municipality of Barotac Viejo when going to Estancia. It has a land area of 667. 5 hectares or roughly 5. 15 percent of the total land area of the Municipality of Banate. As such it is the smallest barangay in the municipal composing of five (6) sitios namely: Proper, Baclayan, Bubog, Lumboy, Pangalatkaton and Tubod.Sitio Proper serves as the center of various economic activities and site of all government owned offices or building. Extensive mountain ranges with uneven distribution of plateaus, swamps, and lowlands characterize the barangay’s topography. In terms of soil types, these ranges from loam, clay, sandy, clay loam, sandy loam, or a mixture of any of these, which are evenly distributed in the six (6) sitios of the barangay. These soil types are suitable to any kind of crop whether annual, perennial, or cash crops. TOPOGRAPIC MAP OF MANAGOPAYASOURCE: NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION (NIA) Based on the 2011 Census of Population, the Barangay of Managopaya recorded a population level of 1328. This translates to an annual average growth rate of 0. 9 percent for the period 2000-2011. Sitio Proper, being the urban area, registered the most number of people at 363, which is 27. 33 percent of the municipality’s total population. This was followed by Sitio Baclayan having a population of 298 or 22. 2 percent of the total populationl. The percentage share of the remaining four (4) barangays ranged from 11-15 percent.Consequently, in the most densely populated barangay, there were approximately four (4) people in every hectare of land while in the least densely populated area there would be roughly one (1) person in every hectare of land. Basically, the municipal population is young with more than half of its populace within the age ran ge of 1-20 years. Out of the total municipal population, 52 percent or 690 were males while 48 percent or 633 were females. The barangay’s current working population (age 15-64) is pegged at 396. This is relatively low considering the high number of economic dependents totaling 932.The population has a total dependency ratio of 70. Most people in Managopaya are largely Ilonggo. There are approximately 1195 people or about 99 percent who speak the dialect fluently. In terms of religious affiliation, 82 percent of the populations are Roman Catholics. 1. 1. 2 Economic Development Managopaya has an agricultural area of 467 hectares, which is equivalent to 70 percent or more than half of the barangay’s total land area. Farming is the main source of income owing to the barangay’s basic agricultural features.There is only few banking institution in the area that offers to the demands of the business sector, as well as the needs of the farmers and government employees. It provides agricultural loans to farmers but only a few can avail due to stringent lending requirements and high interest rates. Fruits and other farm products of excellent quality are usually sold to Iloilo City or Passi City because of the high price these commodities command. Residents of Managopaya merely contain themselves with products of inferior quality for their daily consumption requirements.Local traders supplement and assume the role of lending institutions by providing cash advance to small farmers and sugarcane folks during emergencies. The â€Å"suki† system is the most prevalent method of conducting business where local trader’s acts as financiers and at the same time control the price of fish, livestock and other farm products. The absence of larger scale establishments further complicate the worsening situation because residents still have to go to Iloilo City to purchase product which are not available in Banate or in Passi City.This means additiona l burden to the poor especially now that the transportation cost is high. 1. 1. 3Social Development There is only one (1) public elementary school. Health services are provided by the Barangay Health Center located in the Proper. It is visited every 2-3 months by a doctor, a nurse, a dentist, a dental aid, and midwife. The barangay’s leading causes of mortality from 2000 to 2011 are cardio-vascular diseases, hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchopneumonia. On the other hand, the leading causes of morbidity are acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, and pulmonary tuberculosis.The barangay’s crude birth rate is 17. 5 per 1,000 populations and its crude death rate is 3. 3 per 1,000 populations. Its infant mortality rate is 7. 22 per 1,000 populations while maternal mortality rate is 1. 8 per 1,000 populations. Based on the 2012 survey on population, there are 285 total of households and 298 total of families. The construction materials used for outer walls of t hese dwelling units are mostly indigenous products like bamboo, sawali, cogon, and nipa.However, there are also some units that make use of sturdy materials like concrete, brick stones, galvanized iron, aluminum, and hard wood. . 2 THE PROPOSED UPLAND IRRIGATION THAT COMES FROM WATERFALLS OF MANAGOPAYA, BANATE, ILOILO Managopaya is largely an upland barangay and majority of its people source their income from their upland agriculture activities. Cognizant of this and the fact that the uplands’ soil fertility is deteriorating due to denudation and prolonged dry spell, the LGU’s priority development agenda is to reverse the situation in the near future. The LGU, at the moment, is fortunate to be part of the foreign-assisted Upland Development Program (UDP).However, due to limited financial resources, upland development activities are also limited. The LGU, thus, would like to harness its potential sources of water to provide farmers the necessary water requirements for t heir high value crops and be lured to expand their production. This would, at the same time, address the problem of low income of farmers which is a result of low production of crops. Thus, this feasibility study is being prepared for the development of two (2) major potential sources of water for irrigation purposes.Among the barangay’s development strategies is to recover the financial investments for it to be able to replicate the same project or to finance other development projects of the municipality. The LGU also recognizes the fact that, in order for this project to succeed, there is a need to put in place support facilities/activities like a nursery for planting materials, a â€Å"bagsakan† center for marketing support, and training to farmers on high-value crops production. In the case of planting materials for high-value crops, the LGU plans to provide these to farmers on a â€Å"plant-now-pay later scheme.

Business Risk Approach Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Risk Approach - Assignment Example The specific risk of fraud or error that might occur will be the error of omission of individual transactions. The accountants (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22) make the errors in the financial statements. The identification of the internal auditor of the misstatement of a material in the financial statements for the particular period under audit. There is a possibility that it was initially identified by the internal control of the entity. It includes misstatements that involve judgment and estimation by which an auditor detects the likely adjustments of material and corrections of the amounts recorded (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22). Here there is the presence of the fraud resulting from material misstatements especially on the part of the senior management. It will affect the company financial capacity at the end (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22). There is also the failure by the management or those who have the responsibility to assess deficiency impacts that were communicated earlier to them. They have a responsibility of either to remedy it or asset that no rectification will be made (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22). There is also the presence of an ineffective control environment. Weak control of the various aspects of the internal control could result in an incorrect judgment by the auditor. He could conclude that there exists a significant deficiency or weakness of the material in the control environment (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22). There is also the restatement of financial statements that were issued previously to reflect the correction of a material misstatement. The correction of a misstatement entails those errors due to frauds or error. It does not require restatements that indicate a significant change in the principle of accounting to be in line with a new principle of accounting. In addition, to be in line with a voluntary change of one accepted principle of accounting to the other accepted principle of accounting (Rittenberg, Karla, Johnstone, and Audrey, Gramling, p.22).     

Tree Diagram responses wk 1 dq 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tree Diagram responses wk 1 dq 1 - Coursework Example In this case, outcomes at each trial are mutually exclusive and their union is the universal set (Sharma, 2007). While Brenda is right in identifying the tree diagram as an aid to visualizing outcomes, her definition is not comprehensive. Direct calculation of probabilities is more efficient in simple outcomes such as single trials. The tree diagram is more applicable in visualizing outcomes of multiple trials. She also does not explicitly identify the fact that tree a diagram is suitable for independent trials. An example, similar to Brenda’s would involve independent and successive selection of a ball from a set of four white balls followed by another selection from a set of three blue ones. While she exhibits the first principles of probability such as determination of the probability space and additive and multiplicative rules, Brenda lacks sufficient mathematical terms for communicating her rich knowledge (Sharma, 2007). Tami is explorative of the scope of a tree diagram and its role in identification of a sample space. Her example of possible application of a tree diagram is also adequate. This is because it identified selection of two items from two mutually exclusive sets. A good example that corresponds to Tami’s is a successive selection of a book from a set of five books, each with a different color, followed by selection of a pen from a set of three differently colored pens. Her answer also demonstrates an understanding in determination of sample space from trials. Though her response is commendable, she fails to expressly identify the independence property of trials that is a necessity for application of a tree diagram (Sharma, 2007). Yvette’s answer that a tree diagram is a way of listing possibilities of a sequence is not very accurate. This is because of two reasons. First, a sequence may have a single outcome at each trial and may not fit

Describe image using basic elements of form and then depict its Essay

Describe image using basic elements of form and then depict its meaning - Essay Example In visual arts, the elements of form depict a basis for analysis plus expression to expose the culture or practice of people. The image â€Å"plant a victory garden† is a masterpiece exemplifying meaning and culture through the basic elements of form. Image description There are three people in the image, a male in bright blue dungarees, an orange shirt with black curvy strips, brown shoes and a grey cap with black strip. The woman in the image wears a dark brown skirt with black vertical strips running from top to bottom of the skirt. The woman has brown footwear and a yellow blouse with black curved strips1. The child is in light blue shirt, blue dungarees, and a light brown cap. The basket consists of fruits, vegetables and other farm outputs. There are a variety of fruits and vegetables, for example, the fruits in the basket are red, and vegetables are green2. Some foodstuffs in the basket are white and green in color and others red and brown. The basket is brown and has b lack vertical strips running down from the top. Near the basket, there is a blue label bearing the words â€Å"our food is fighting† written in white3. The top of the picture bears the words â€Å"plant a victory garden† which are in red, and the bottom bears the words â€Å" a garden will make your rations go further† in red4. ... The bright colors depict space in the piece of art. Negative space means that a dark or black color is present. The white, color depicts positive space in the image. In the art, the image contains negative space where the cap consists of a black strip and a positive space in the region surrounding the image5. The principles of the organization include shape plus proportion, balance, path, negative space and others. These aspects form a pattern that creates desired qualities of an art piece. Artists modify these aspects in order to give different meanings of their designs. The image consists of objects arranged in a systematic manner6. The image has both positive and negative space. It appears in the centre thus arranged as the artist intended. The image consists of curvy lines, vertical and horizontal lines. There are few diagonal lines. The lines in the image are in varying lengths and widths. They are in different colors. The vertical and curved lines are in black color7. The image is two 2D in shape and 3D in form. The 3D form is evident because the image is viewable from all sides. The two dimensional nature of the image attributes to the parameters of height and width8. The 3D view is due to presence of depth, width and height hence enhancing view from both sides. Meaning of the image The blue color in the image portrays chastity, loyalty, faith, infinity or modesty. The green color depicts abundance, hope plus love. Another aspect of color is intensity, which shows the brilliance or dullness of an image or photograph. The Dull colors exemplify serious moods while bright colors express strong vigor depicted by emotions. The dark colors portray ambiguity due to lack of light. By applying Korsmeyer perspective,